SAS PROGRAMMING
                                    HANDOUT #4
                                INFILE and INPUT STATEMENTS

    The INFILE statement is used when reading in an external file. The FILE statement is used when
outputing data to an external file.
    The INPUT statement is used to tell  SAS  how to read the data.   It can be used with the INFILE
statement (in which case the data is in an ASCI file), or it can be used if the data is in the program
(a CARDS statement is then required)

   Generally SAS reads data in free format, assuming there is at least one space between values.
   Missing numerical values should be entered as periods (.).
   Character values have length of the first value or length 8 which ever is greatest.

EXAMPLES:
---------

INFILE 'A:\ONE.DAT' PAD;         PAD  is needed if some lines are shorter than others.
INFILE 'A:\ONE.DAT' MISSOVER;    MISSOVER is needed if there are missing values at the end of a line
INFILE 'A:\ONE.DAT' FIRSTOBS=n;  Tells SAS to start reading the data at the nth line, eg n=3
INFILE 'A:\ONE.DAT' DLM=',';     The DELIMITER statement tells SAS that variables are separated by a comma.

INPUT A $ X;              This reads in A as a character variable and X as a numerical variable
                          There must be at least one space between the A and X values
                          Each observation needs to be on a new line.

INPUT A $ X @@;           This does the same as above, except each line can contain
                          more than one observation.

INPUT A : COMMA. B: MMDDYY.;   Used when data is free formatted with different lengths.

INPUT A $ @4 X;           This reads A as a character variable, and reads X as a numerical variable
                          starting in column 4.

INPUT A $ 1-5 @10 X;      This reads A as a character variable in columns 1-5, and X as a numerical
                          variable starting in column 10

INPUT #1 A $ X #2 B $;      This indicates the data is on two lines, variables A and X are on line 1,
                            and variable B is on line 2.
INPUT A $ X / B $;          Same as above.
INPUT A $ X; INPUT B $;     Same as above

INPUT A $ +2 X;           This reads A as a character, then moves 2 spaces to right and reads X.


LENGTH A $30.;            This indicates the variable A is a character variable of length 30.

     SAS also has lots of formats/informats that are avialable for reading or writing data.

FUNCTIONS:
----------
$               indicates a character variable

$ &             indicates a character variable with blanks, leave two (2) spaces at end

:               used when data is in free format

@10             points to the column to read variable

@@              trailing @@ at end on line indicates more than one observation per line

#1, #2          indicates data is on more than one line.

/               indicates new line of input

+2              indicates moving the pointer two spaces to right

1-10            indicates the data is in column 1 to 10


FORMATS/INFORMATS: (there are many others and many variations)
------------------

$CHAR6.           AbCdEf                          MMDDYY8.          09/07/43

COMMA7.2          34,543.12                       DOLLAR10.2        $3,451.23

DATE7.            25DEC97                         YYQ4.             98Q1

TIME8.            14:34:26                        9.2

These can be used in the INPUT statement for reading data, in the PUT statement for writing data,
and in the FORMAT statment for printing data.

PROC PRINT NOOBS U; VAR A X;                      This will print the data to the OUTPUT window.
 FORMAT A $.; RUN;

DATA _NULL_; SET JIM;
 FILE 'A:\ONE.DAT';                       This will put the data in a text file called ONE.DAT
 PUT @1 A  @20 X;
 FORMAT A $7.;
RUN;